Career development theories attempt to explain why individuals choose certain careers and how various contexts influence one's career path. Although there are numerous career development theories, most can be classified into one of the following:
Psychodynamic Theory
Stresses the importance of unconscious motivation and satisfying emotional needs. Parenting style results in individuals having one of eight orientations toward the world of work: service, business, organization, technology, outdoor, science, general culture, and arts and entertainment. There are other factors other than parenting that contribute to the choice of a career,m including, family background and temperament. Social Cognitive Career Theory The key theories here are self-efficacy (can I do it?) outcome expectations (if I do it what will be the outcome?) and career choice barriers (what are the consequences of my career choices?) These three concepts influence and are influenced by career interests. |
Trait and Factor Theory
It's primary focus is assessing one's abilities and interests. This approach is didactic and directive. There is an emphasis on the fit between the individual and the environment, as well as an emphasis on the dynamic process between a client and the counselor, and recognized the importance of affective and cognitive components. Developmental Theories View one's career choice as part of a long developmental process beginning with early life events and ending in death. The role of self-concept is very important in a career choice and career development. There are five stages of career development: growth, exploration, establishment, maintenance ,and decline. |